Anti-HLA-G Alexa Fluor® 488

Anti-HLA-G Alexa Fluor® 488

• Background: Human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G), belonging to MHC class I glycoproteins, plays important roles in both physiological and pathological immunotolerance. It gives an inhibitory signal to cytotoxic T cells, NK cells, monocytes, and some other immune cells. It also induces regulatory T cells and anti-inflammatory macrophages. HLA-G is important e.g. for maternal tolerance to the fetus, and for immunomodulation in particular adult tissues, such as in cornea, pancreatic islets, thymus and other. On the other hand, it is expressed in many solid and hematologic malignancies, where it contributes to evasion of the immune surveillance. HLA-G expression pattern in cancer is an important prognostic factor regarding a poor clinical outcome. Unlike most other MHC glycoproteins, HLA-G acts as an immune checkpoint molecule rather than as an antigen presenting molecule. It concerns both transmembrane and soluble HLA-G isoforms. Among other, HLA-G can promote Th2 immunological response and downregulate Th1 immunological response. For its benefits regarding allograft tolerance, including embryo implantation, soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) can be used as a marker of developmental potential of embryos during the process of in vitro fertilization. Similarly, sHLA-G concentrations in maternal serum are decreased in preeclampsia. Transplanted patients with increased sHLA-G serum levels have improved allograft acceptance. On the other hand, increased sHLA-G can also indicate presence of malignant (sometimes also of benign) tumor cells. Another important topic is induction of HLA-G expression (sometimes associated with shedding of HLA-G from the cell surface) by some anti-cancer or anti-viral therapies, which can weaken the therapy effect. Monitoring of HLA-G in patients thus has a wide usage.
• Specifications: The mouse monoclonal antibody G233 recognizes an extracellular epitope on several isoforms of HLA-G expressed in all populations of extravillous trophoblast (cell columns, interstitial trophoblast, endovascular trophoblast, placental bed giant cells). HLA-G belongs to the nonclassical MHC Class I molecules (MHC Class Ib). The antibody G233 has been found not to cross-react with any other MHC Class I antigens (HLA-A, -B, -C, -E, -F).
• CAS Number: 9007-83-4
• Certification: RUO
• Host: Mouse
• Species Reactivity: Human
• Immunogen: HLA-A2.1/human beta2-microglobulin double transgenic mice were immunized with murine L cells transfected with both human beta2-microglobulin and HLA-G.
• Target Antigen: HLA-G
• Isotype: IgG2a
• Clone: G233
• Applications: Flow cytometry: The reagent is designed for analysis of human blood cells using 10 μl reagent / 100 μl of whole blood or 106 cells in a suspension. The content of a vial (1 mL) is sufficient for 100 tests.
• Validated Applications: FC, IHC-F
• Concentration: 1 mg/mL
• Format: Alexa Fluor® 488
• Buffer: Phosphate buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.4, 15 mM sodium azide
• References & Citations: *Gonzalez A, Alegre E, Arroyo A, LeMaoult J, Echeveste JI: Identification of circulating nonclassic human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G)-like molecules in exudates. Clin Chem. 2011 Jul57(7):1013-22., URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21527645,*Van Lierop MJ, Wijnands F, Loke YW, Emmer PM, Lukassen HG, Braat DD, van der Meer A, Mosselman S, Joosten I: Detection of HLA-G by a specific sandwich ELISA using monoclonal antibodies G233 and 56B. Mol Hum Reprod. 2002 Aug8(8):776-84., URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12149411?dopt=,*Bulmer JN, Cioni R, Bussani C, Cirigliano V, Sole F, Costa C, Garcia P, Adinolfi M: HLA-G positive trophoblastic cells in transcervical samples and their isolation and analysis by laser microdissection and QF-PCR. Prenat Diagn. 2003 Jan23(1):34-9., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12533810/,*Loke YW, King A, Burrows T, Gardner L, Bowen M, Hiby S, Howlett S, Holmes N, Jacobs D: Evaluation of trophoblast HLA-G antigen with a specific monoclonal antibody. Tissue Antigens. 1997 Aug50(2):135-46., URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9271823?dopt=A,*Mandelboim O, Pazmany L, Davis DM, Vales-Gomez M, Reyburn HT, Rybalov B, Strominger JL: Multiple receptors for HLA-G on human natural killer cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Dec 2394(26):14666-70., URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC25087,*Rajagopalan S, Long EO: A human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G-specific receptor expressed on all natural killer cells. J Exp Med. 1999 Apr 5189(7):1093-100., URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10190900?dopt=,*Blaschitz A, Hutter H, Dohr G: HLA Class I protein expression in the human placenta. Early Pregnancy. 2001 Jan5(1):67-9., URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11753519?dopt=,*Imudia AN, Suzuki Y, Kilburn BA, Yelian FD, Diamond MP, Romero R, Armant DR: Retrieval of trophoblast cells from the cervical canal for prediction of abnormal pregnancy: a pilot study. Hum Reprod. 2009 Sep24(9):2086-92., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19497946/,*Frumento G, Franchello S, Palmisano GL, Nicotra MR, Giacomini P, Loke YW, Geraghty DE, Maio M, Manzo C, Natali PG, Ferrara GB. Melanomas and melanoma cell lines do not express HLA-G, and the expression cannot be induced by gammaIFN treatment. Tissue Antigens. 2000 Jul56(1):30-7., URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10958353,
• Other References: *Creput C, Durrbach A, Menier C, Guettier C, Samuel D, Dausset J, Charpentier B, Carosella ED, Rouas-Freiss N. Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) expression in biliary epithelial cells is associated with allograft acceptance in liver-kidney transplantation. J Hepatol. 2003 39(4):587-94., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12971970/,*Menier C, Saez B, Horejsi V, Martinozzi S, Krawice-Radanne I, Bruel S, LeDanff C, Reboul M, Hilgert I, Rabreau M, Larrad ML, Pla M, Carosella ED, Rouas-Freiss N: Characterization of monoclonal antibodies recognizing HLA-G or HLA-E: new tools to analyze the expression of nonclassical HLA class I molecules. Hum Immunol. 2003 64(3):315-26., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12590976/,*Lin A, Yan WH: Heterogeneity of HLA-G expression in cancers: Facing the challenges. Front Immunol. 2018 Sep 279:2164., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30319626/,*Hunt JS, Langat DK, McIntire RH, Morales PJ: The role of HLA-G in human pregnancy. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 20064 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S10., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17118165/,*Xu HH, Yan WH, Lin A: The role of HLA-G in human papillomavirus infections and cervical carcinogenesis. Front Immunol. 2020 Jun 2511:1349., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32670296/,*Castelli EC, de Almeida BS, Muniz YC, Silva NS, Passos MR, Souza AS, Page AE, Dyble M, Smith D, Aguileta G, Bertranpetit J, Migliano AB, Duarte YA, Scliar MO, Wang J, Passos-Bueno MR, Naslavsky MS, Zatz M, Mendes CT, Donadi EA: HLA-G genetic diversity and evolutive aspects in worldwide populations. Sci Rep. 2021 Nov 2911(1):23070., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34845256/,*Curigliano G, Criscitiello C, Gelao L, Goldhirsch A: Molecular pathways: Human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G). Clin Cancer Res. 2013 Oct 1519(20):5564-71., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23897901/,
• Storage Conditions: Store at 2-8°C. Protect from prolonged exposure to light. Do not freeze.