Anti-HLA-G Alexa Fluor® 488

Anti-HLA-G Alexa Fluor® 488

• Background: Human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G), belonging to MHC class I glycoproteins, plays important roles in both physiological and pathological immunotolerance. It gives an inhibitory signal to cytotoxic T cells, NK cells, monocytes, and some other immune cells. It also induces regulatory T cells and anti-inflammatory macrophages. HLA-G is important e.g. for maternal tolerance to the fetus, and for immunomodulation in particular adult tissues, such as in cornea, pancreatic islets, thymus and other. On the other hand, it is expressed in many solid and hematologic malignancies, where it contributes to evasion of the immune surveillance. HLA-G expression pattern in cancer is an important prognostic factor regarding a poor clinical outcome. Unlike most other MHC glycoproteins, HLA-G acts as an immune checkpoint molecule rather than as an antigen presenting molecule. It concerns both transmembrane and soluble HLA-G isoforms. Among other, HLA-G can promote Th2 immunological response and downregulate Th1 immunological response. For its benefits regarding allograft tolerance, including embryo implantation, soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) can be used as a marker of developmental potential of embryos during the process of in vitro fertilization. Similarly, sHLA-G concentrations in maternal serum are decreased in preeclampsia. Transplanted patients with increased sHLA-G serum levels have improved allograft acceptance. On the other hand, increased sHLA-G can also indicate presence of malignant (sometimes also of benign) tumor cells. Another important topic is induction of HLA-G expression (sometimes associated with shedding of HLA-G from the cell surface) by some anti-cancer or anti-viral therapies, which can weaken the therapy effect. Monitoring of HLA-G in patients thus has a wide usage.
• Specifications: The mouse monoclonal antibody 4H84 recognizes an extracellular epitope of HLA-G molecule (39 kDa). HLA-G belongs to the MHC Class I molecules (MHC Class Ib nonclassical) and it is expressed on the surface of trophoblast cells.
• CAS Number: 9007-83-4
• Certification: RUO
• Host: Mouse
• Species Reactivity: Human
• Immunogen: amino acids 61-83 of HLA-G of human origin
• Target Antigen: HLA-G
• Isotype: IgG1
• Clone: 4H84
• Applications: Flow cytometry: Recommended dilution: 2-5 μg/mL. Intracellular staining or surface staining after acid treatment (Polakova K. et al. Molecular immunology 1993 1223-30).
• Validated Applications: ICC, IHC-P, WB, IHC-F, FC
• Concentration: 1 mg/mL
• Format: Alexa Fluor® 488
• Buffer: Phosphate buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.4, 15 mM sodium azide
• References & Citations: *Blaschitz A, Hutter H, Dohr G: HLA Class I protein expression in the human placenta. Early Pregnancy. 2001 Jan5(1):67-9., URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11753519?dopt=,*Urosevic M, Kurrer MO, Kamarashev J, Mueller B, Weder W, Burg G, Stahel RA, Dummer R, Trojan A: Human leukocyte antigen G up-regulation in lung cancer associates with high-grade histology, human leukocyte antigen class I loss and interleukin-10 production. Am J Pathol. 2001 Sep159(3):817-24., URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11549573?dopt=,*Menier C, Saez B, Horejsi V, Martinozzi S, Krawice-Radanne I, Bruel S, Le Danff C, Reboul M, Hilgert I, Rabreau M, Larrad ML, Pla M, Carosella ED, Rouas-Freiss N: Characterization of monoclonal antibodies recognizing HLA-G or HLA-E: new tools to analyze the expression of nonclassical HLA class I molecules. Hum Immunol. 2003 Mar64(3):315-26., URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12590976?dopt=,*Polakova K, Krcova M, Kuba D, Russ G: Analysis of HLA-G expression in malignant hematopoetic cells from leukemia patients. Leuk Res. 2003 Jul27(7):643-8., URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12681364?dopt=,*Polakova K, Kuba D, Russ G: The 4H84 monoclonal antibody detecting beta2m free nonclassical HLA-G molecules also binds to free heavy chains of classical HLA class I antigens present on activated lymphocytes. Hum Immunol. 2004 Feb65(2):157-62., URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14969770?dopt=,*Juch H, Blaschitz A, Daxbock C, Rueckert C, Kofler K, Dohr G: A novel sandwich ELISA for alpha1 domain based detection of soluble HLA-G heavy chains. J Immunol Methods. 2005 Dec 20307(1-2):96-106., URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16310801?dopt=,*Barrier BF, Kendall BS, Sharpe-Timms KL, Kost ER: Characterization of human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) expression in endometrial adenocarcinoma. Gynecol Oncol. 2006 Oct103(1):25-30., URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16530254?dopt=,*Paul P, Rouas-Freiss N, Khalil-Daher I, Moreau P, Riteau B, Le Gal FA, Avril MF, Dausset J, Guillet JG, Carosella ED: HLA-G expression in melanoma: a way for tumor cells to escape from immunosurveillance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Apr 1495(8):4510-5., URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9539768?dopt=A,*Gonen-Gross T, Achdout H, Arnon TI, Gazit R, Stern N, Horejsí V, Goldman-Wohl D, Yagel S, Mandelboim O: The CD85J/leukocyte inhibitory receptor-1 distinguishes between conformed and beta 2-microglobulin-free HLA-G molecules. J Immunol. 2005 Oct 15175(8):4866-74., URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16210588?ordin,*Creput C, Le Friec G, Bahri R, Amiot L, Charpentier B, Carosella E, Rouas-Freiss N, Durrbach A: Detection of HLA-G in serum and graft biopsy associated with fewer acute rejections following combined liver-kidney transplantation: Possible implications for monitoring patients. Hum Immunol. 2003 Nov64(11):1033-8., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14602232/,*Poláková K, Bennink JR, W Yewdell J, Bystrická M, Bandzuchová E, Russ G: Mild acid treatment induces cross-reactivity of 4H84 monoclonal antibody specific to nonclassical HLA-G antigen with classical HLA class I molecules. Hum Immunol. 2003 Feb64(2):256-64., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12559628/,*Zhang X, Lin A, Han QY, Zhang JG, Chen QY, Ye YH, Zhou WJ, Xu HH, Gan J, Yan WH: Intratumor heterogeneity of HLA-G expression in cancer lesions. Front Immunol. 2020 Nov 1911:565759., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33329527/,*Zhao L, Teklemariam T, Hantash BM: Reassessment of HLA-G isoform specificity of MEM-G/9 and 4H84 monoclonal antibodies. Tissue Antigens 2012 Sep80(3):231-8., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22738368/,
• Other References: *Creput C, Durrbach A, Menier C, Guettier C, Samuel D, Dausset J, Charpentier B, Carosella ED, Rouas-Freiss N. Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) expression in biliary epithelial cells is associated with allograft acceptance in liver-kidney transplantation. J Hepatol. 2003 39(4):587-94., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12971970/,*Menier C, Saez B, Horejsi V, Martinozzi S, Krawice-Radanne I, Bruel S, LeDanff C, Reboul M, Hilgert I, Rabreau M, Larrad ML, Pla M, Carosella ED, Rouas-Freiss N: Characterization of monoclonal antibodies recognizing HLA-G or HLA-E: new tools to analyze the expression of nonclassical HLA class I molecules. Hum Immunol. 2003 64(3):315-26., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12590976/,*Lin A, Yan WH: Heterogeneity of HLA-G expression in cancers: Facing the challenges. Front Immunol. 2018 Sep 279:2164., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30319626/,*Hunt JS, Langat DK, McIntire RH, Morales PJ: The role of HLA-G in human pregnancy. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 20064 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S10., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17118165/,*Xu HH, Yan WH, Lin A: The role of HLA-G in human papillomavirus infections and cervical carcinogenesis. Front Immunol. 2020 Jun 2511:1349., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32670296/,*Castelli EC, de Almeida BS, Muniz YC, Silva NS, Passos MR, Souza AS, Page AE, Dyble M, Smith D, Aguileta G, Bertranpetit J, Migliano AB, Duarte YA, Scliar MO, Wang J, Passos-Bueno MR, Naslavsky MS, Zatz M, Mendes CT, Donadi EA: HLA-G genetic diversity and evolutive aspects in worldwide populations. Sci Rep. 2021 Nov 2911(1):23070., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34845256/,*Curigliano G, Criscitiello C, Gelao L, Goldhirsch A: Molecular pathways: Human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G). Clin Cancer Res. 2013 Oct 1519(20):5564-71., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23897901/,
• Storage Conditions: Store at 2-8°C. Protect from prolonged exposure to light. Do not freeze.