Anti-HLA-G Ascites

Anti-HLA-G Ascites

• Background: Human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G), belonging to MHC class I glycoproteins, plays important roles in both physiological and pathological immunotolerance. It gives an inhibitory signal to cytotoxic T cells, NK cells, monocytes, and some other immune cells. It also induces regulatory T cells and anti-inflammatory macrophages. HLA-G is important e.g. for maternal tolerance to the fetus, and for immunomodulation in particular adult tissues, such as in cornea, pancreatic islets, thymus and other. On the other hand, it is expressed in many solid and hematologic malignancies, where it contributes to evasion of the immune surveillance. HLA-G expression pattern in cancer is an important prognostic factor regarding a poor clinical outcome. Unlike most other MHC glycoproteins, HLA-G acts as an immune checkpoint molecule rather than as an antigen presenting molecule. It concerns both transmembrane and soluble HLA-G isoforms. Among other, HLA-G can promote Th2 immunological response and downregulate Th1 immunological response. For its benefits regarding allograft tolerance, including embryo implantation, soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) can be used as a marker of developmental potential of embryos during the process of in vitro fertilization. Similarly, sHLA-G concentrations in maternal serum are decreased in preeclampsia. Transplanted patients with increased sHLA-G serum levels have improved allograft acceptance. On the other hand, increased sHLA-G can also indicate presence of malignant (sometimes also of benign) tumor cells. Another important topic is induction of HLA-G expression (sometimes associated with shedding of HLA-G from the cell surface) by some anti-cancer or anti-viral therapies, which can weaken the therapy effect. Monitoring of HLA-G in patients thus has a wide usage.
• Specifications: The antibody MEM-G/2 recognizes an extracellular epitope on free heavy chain of all the HLA-G isoforms. HLA-G belongs to the MHC Class I molecules (MHC Class Ib nonclassical) and it is expressed on the surface of trophoblast cells.
• CAS Number: 9007-83-4
• Certification: RUO
• Host: Mouse
• Species Reactivity: Human
• Immunogen: Bacterially expressed recombinant HLA-G heavy chain (denatured).
• Target Antigen: HLA-G
• Isotype: IgG1
• Clone: MEM-G/2
• Validated Applications: IHC-P, WB, IHC-F
• Format: Ascites
• Buffer: Stabilizing phosphate buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.4, 15 mM sodium azide
• References & Citations: *Le Discorde M, Moreau P, Sabatier P, Legeais JM, Carosella ED: Expression of HLA-G in human cornea, an immune-privileged tissue. Hum Immunol. 2003 Nov64(11):1039-44., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14602233/,*Poláková K, Bandzuchová E, Hofmeister V, Weiss EH, Hutter H, Russ G: Binding analysis of HLA-G specific antibodies to hematopoietic cells isolated from leukemia patients. Neoplasma. 200350(5):331-8., URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14628085 ,*Lazana I, Zoudiari A, Kokkinou D, Themeli M, Liga M, Papadaki H, Papachristou D, Spyridonidis A: Identification of a novel HLA-G+ regulatory population in blood: expansion after allogeneic transplantation and de novo HLA-G expression at graft-versus-host disease sites. Haematologica. 2012 Sep97(9):1338-47, URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22419574/,*Boyson JE, Erskine R, Whitman MC, Chiu M, Lau JM, Koopman LA, Valter MM, Angelisova P, Horejsi V, Strominger JL: Disulfide bond-mediated dimerization of HLA-G on the cell surface. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Dec 1099(25):16180-5., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12454284/,*Creput C, Le Friec G, Bahri R, Amiot L, Charpentier B, Carosella E, Rouas-Freiss N, Durrbach A: Detection of HLA-G in serum and graft biopsy associated with fewer acute rejections following combined liver-kidney transplantation: Possible implications for monitoring patients. Hum Immunol. 2003 Nov64(11):1033-8., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14602232/,*Zhang X, Lin A, Han QY, Zhang JG, Chen QY, Ye YH, Zhou WJ, Xu HH, Gan J, Yan WH: Intratumor heterogeneity of HLA-G expression in cancer lesions. Front Immunol. 2020 Nov 1911:565759., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33329527/,
• Other References: *Creput C, Durrbach A, Menier C, Guettier C, Samuel D, Dausset J, Charpentier B, Carosella ED, Rouas-Freiss N. Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) expression in biliary epithelial cells is associated with allograft acceptance in liver-kidney transplantation. J Hepatol. 2003 39(4):587-94., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12971970/,*Menier C, Saez B, Horejsi V, Martinozzi S, Krawice-Radanne I, Bruel S, LeDanff C, Reboul M, Hilgert I, Rabreau M, Larrad ML, Pla M, Carosella ED, Rouas-Freiss N: Characterization of monoclonal antibodies recognizing HLA-G or HLA-E: new tools to analyze the expression of nonclassical HLA class I molecules. Hum Immunol. 2003 64(3):315-26., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12590976/,*Lin A, Yan WH: Heterogeneity of HLA-G expression in cancers: Facing the challenges. Front Immunol. 2018 Sep 279:2164., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30319626/,*Hunt JS, Langat DK, McIntire RH, Morales PJ: The role of HLA-G in human pregnancy. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 20064 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S10., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17118165/,*Xu HH, Yan WH, Lin A: The role of HLA-G in human papillomavirus infections and cervical carcinogenesis. Front Immunol. 2020 Jun 2511:1349., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32670296/,*Castelli EC, de Almeida BS, Muniz YC, Silva NS, Passos MR, Souza AS, Page AE, Dyble M, Smith D, Aguileta G, Bertranpetit J, Migliano AB, Duarte YA, Scliar MO, Wang J, Passos-Bueno MR, Naslavsky MS, Zatz M, Mendes CT, Donadi EA: HLA-G genetic diversity and evolutive aspects in worldwide populations. Sci Rep. 2021 Nov 2911(1):23070., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34845256/,*Curigliano G, Criscitiello C, Gelao L, Goldhirsch A: Molecular pathways: Human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G). Clin Cancer Res. 2013 Oct 1519(20):5564-71., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23897901/,
• Storage Conditions: Store at 2-8°C. Do not freeze.